 Photo# 17973 Specimen# R0 Herbarium sheet 1, Costus gigantea syntype at NYBG
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 Photo# 17974 Specimen# R0 Herbarium sheet 2, Costus gigantea syntype at NYBG
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 Photo# 17975 Specimen# R0 Herbarium sheet 3, Costus gigantea syntype at NYBG
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 Photo# 10973 Specimen# R2247 Costus kuntzei/maximus form From Panama, Bocas del Toro
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 Photo# 10974 Specimen# R2247 Costus kuntzei/maximus form From Panama, Bocas del Toro
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 Photo# 10975 Specimen# R2247 Costus kuntzei/maximus form From Panama, Bocas del Toro
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 Photo# 10976 Specimen# R0 Costus laevis
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 Photo# 10977 Specimen# R0 Costus laevis
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 Photo# 12910 Specimen# R0 Costus laevis near Cabrachi in SE Costa Rica
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 Photo# 12385 Specimen# R0 Costus laevis at Rancho Mastatal, Costa Rica Mature, very large plant
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 Photo# 12386 Specimen# R0 Costus laevis at Leo's Place, Mastatal, Costa Rica orange flowering form
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 Photo# 12387 Specimen# R0 Costus laevis at Leo's Place, Mastatal, Costa Rica orange flowering form
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 Photo# 12388 Specimen# R0 Costus laevis at Leo's Place, Mastatal, Costa Rica orange flowering form
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 Photo# 12389 Specimen# R0 Costus laevis at Poco Sol, Costa Rica
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 Photo# 12390 Specimen# R0 Costus laevis at Poco Sol, Costa Rica Mature, very large plant
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 Photo# 12391 Specimen# R0 Costus laevis at Poco Sol, Costa Rica Form of this infl has some resemblance to C. glaucus, but young seedlings nearby appear to be Costus laevis.Mature, very large plant, believed to be
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 Photo# 12392 Specimen# R0 Costus laevis at Poco Sol, Costa Rica Unusual new shoot, with some resemblance to C. glaucus.Mature, very large plant
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 Photo# 12393 Specimen# R0 Costus laevis at Poco Sol, Costa Rica Stem and ligule detail.Mature, very large plant
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 Photo# 12394 Specimen# R0 Costus laevis at Poco Sol, Costa Rica Mature, very large plant
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 Photo# 12395 Specimen# R0 Costus laevis at Poco Sol, Costa Rica found in area near mature plants with some C. glaucus characters at Poco Sol
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 Photo# 12396 Specimen# R0 Costus laevis at Quebrada Grande, La Cangreja, Costa Rica normal red flowering form
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 Photo# 12397 Specimen# R0 Costus laevis at Quebrada Grande, La Cangreja, Costa Rica normal red flowering form
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 Photo# 12398 Specimen# R0 Costus laevis at Quebrada Grande, La Cangreja, Costa Rica Young foliage of red flowering form found in La Cangreja area.
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 Photo# 12399 Specimen# R0 Costus laevis at Quebrada Grande, La Cangreja, Costa Rica Ligule detail of red flowering form of Costus laevis found common in La Cangreja area.
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 Photo# 12400 Specimen# R0 Costus laevis at Leo's Place, Mastatal, Costa Rica stem-ligules of normal red flowering form
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 Photo# 12401 Specimen# R0 Costus laevis at Leo's Place, Mastatal, Costa Rica normal red flowering form
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 Photo# 17976 Specimen# R0 Herbarium sheet, Costus maximus at USNH
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 Photo# 12940 Specimen# R3035 Costus kuntzei/maximus form From Costa Rica, Limón
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 Photo# 12941 Specimen# R3035 Costus kuntzei/maximus form From Costa Rica, Limón
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 Photo# 12942 Specimen# R3035 Costus kuntzei/maximus form From Costa Rica, Limón
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 Photo# 12943 Specimen# R3035 Costus kuntzei/maximus form From Costa Rica, Limón
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 Photo# 12944 Specimen# R3035 Costus kuntzei/maximus form From Costa Rica, Limón
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 Photo# 16723 Specimen# R0 Costus laevis at Rio Guanche, Panama
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 Photo# 16724 Specimen# R0 Costus laevis at Rio Guanche, Panama
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 Photo# 16732 Specimen# R0 Costus laevis ligules and petioles, at Rio Guanche, Panama
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 Photo# 16722 Specimen# R0 Costus laevis ligules and petioles at La Selva, Costa Rica
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 Photo# 17994 Specimen# R0 Costus leavis at Parque Nacional la Cangreja - ligule
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 Photo# 17995 Specimen# R0 Costus leavis at Parque Nacional la Cangreja, Costa Rica
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 Photo# 17996 Specimen# R0 Costus leavis at Parque Nacional la Cangreja, Costa Rica
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 Photo# 17997 Specimen# R0 Costus laevis (maximus form) at CATIE near Turrilaba, Costa Rica
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 Photo# 17998 Specimen# R0 Costus laevis (maximus form) at CATIE near Turrilaba, Costa Rica
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 Photo# 17999 Specimen# R0 Costus laevis (maximus form) at CATIE near Turrilaba, Costa Rica - ligules
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 Photo# 18000 Specimen# R0 Costus laevis (maximus form) at Reserva La Marta, Costa Rica - note inflated ligules typical of this form
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 Photo# 18001 Specimen# R0 Costus laevis (maximus form) at Reserva La Marta, Costa Rica
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 Photo# 18002 Specimen# R0 Costus laevis (maximus form) at Reserva La Marta, Costa Rica - ligules and petioles
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 Photo# 18003 Specimen# R0 Costus laevis at Rancho Mastatal, Costa Rica
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 Photo# 18004 Specimen# R0 Costus laevis at Rancho Mastatal, Costa Rica - ligules
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 Photo# 18005 Specimen# R0 Costus laevis at Rancho Mastatal, Costa Rica
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 Photo# 18006 Specimen# R0 Costus laevis (maximus form) at Socorro, Costa Rica - inflated ligules at base
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 Photo# 18007 Specimen# R0 Costus laevis (maximus form) at Socorro, Costa Rica - inflated ligules at base
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 Photo# 16815 Specimen# R3035 Costus kuntzei/maximus form From Costa Rica, Limón
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 Photo# 16816 Specimen# R3035 Costus kuntzei/maximus form From Costa Rica, Limón
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 Photo# 16814 Specimen# R3035 Costus kuntzei/maximus form From Costa Rica, Limón
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 Photo# 18029 Specimen# R3366 Costus kuntzei/maximus form From Costa Rica, Cartago
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 Photo# 18030 Specimen# R3366 Costus kuntzei/maximus form From Costa Rica, Cartago
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 Photo# 18031 Specimen# R3366 Costus kuntzei/maximus form From Costa Rica, Cartago
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 Photo# 18032 Specimen# R3366 Costus kuntzei/maximus form From Costa Rica, Cartago
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 Photo# 18033 Specimen# R3366 Costus kuntzei/maximus form From Costa Rica, Cartago
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 Photo# 18034 Specimen# R3366 Costus kuntzei/maximus form From Costa Rica, Cartago
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 Photo# 18035 Specimen# R3366 Costus kuntzei/maximus form From Costa Rica, Cartago
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PLANT FAMILY: Costaceae BOTANICAL NAME: Costus laevis maximus form FORMAL SCIENTIFIC NAME: STATUS : CONTINENT: Neotropical SYNONYMS:
BOTANICAL NOTES: This form of Costus laevis is characterized by a shorter, truncate ligule and usually has thick short hairs around the ligule. It is a more massive plant than the "skutchii" form at PID7610. The basal ligules (lacking leaves) are glabrous and bulge outward distinctively. The young inflorescence is globular in shape and the bract colors are usually mostly green, and not red or dark purple. This form is found on the Caribbean side of Costa Rica and Panama, and also in the central mountain regions of Costa Rica to the north of Puntarenas province.I am basing this grouping on the plant form as collected in 1898 by A. Tonduz at Tucurrique in Cartago province along the Rio Reventazón. The plant was originally described as Costus gigantea Kuntze and renamed as Costus maximus Schumann as the epiphet "giganteus" had already been used for an African plant (Costus giganteus Welw. ex Ridl. It may well be that this form is also the form of the Guatemalan plant that was described and named as Costus splendens. I have been to the Tucurrique area and have seen these plants at the nearby Reserva La Marta and other areas on the Caribbean side (east of the Talamancas of Costa Rica) and Panama. Photos and observations of this form are included on this page. Note that some of these plants from the La Cangréja area in Puriscal (just to the north of Puntarenas) seem to be intermediate between the two forms but I have somewhat arbitrarily grouped them here. All those from Puntarenas are grouped in the skutchii group, PID 7610.
ACCESSION NOTES: R2247 from Panama, Bocas del Toro, Almirante. Note that this collection has a long, deeply lobed ligule and could be intermediate to the "skutchi" form, but I have included it here due to the light green globular inflorescence that is characteristic of the C. maximus type. R3035 from Costa Rica, Limon, near the town of Shiroles at about 300 meters. R3355 from Panama, Colon, Rio Piedra at 60 meters. R3366 from Costa Rica, Cartago, Finca Guayacan (road Turrialba to Siquires) at 700 meters. This plant closest to the type locality of C. maximus. OBSERVATION NOTES:Costus laevis Rancho Mastatal, Latitude 9.676865, Longitude -84.373809, at 300 meters elevation. Finca Guayacan, Latitude 10.04, Longitude -83.54398, at 530 meters elevation. Vida Silvestre La Marta, Latitude 9.78169, Longitude -83.68902, at 733 meters elevation. Rio Piedra, Colon, Panama, Latitude 9.43197, Longitude -79.73353, at meters elevation. La Selva, Heredia Province, Sarapiqui, Costa Rica, Latitude 10.43, Longitude -84.006, at 60 meters elevation. Shiroles, Limón Province, Costa Rica, Latitude 9.6, Longitude -82.955, at 160 meters elevation. Leo's Place, Mastatal, San José Province, Costa Rica, Latitude 9.7, Longitude -84.364, at 300 meters elevation. Quebrada Grande, Rancho Mastatal, San José Province, Costa Rica, Latitude 9.687, Longitude -84.374, at 300 meters elevation.
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